Christianity · Objection
Christianity is a Western, colonial import — a religion of European conquerors imposed on the rest of the world, foreign to non-Western cultures and peoples.
Why people find it persuasive
The dominant image of Christianity in much post-colonial discourse is European: white missionaries, European cathedrals, colonial-era mission schools, and the historical fact that European empires often spread Christianity alongside their rule.
Important distinctions
- • Christianity's geographic origin (first-century Roman Judea, in the Middle East) vs. its later European institutional center of gravity for roughly a millennium.
- • Christianity as culturally coded 'Western' in modern popular perception vs. Christianity's actual historical and demographic spread.
- • Colonial-era mission entanglement with Christianity's much longer and wider history.
- • European Christianity specifically vs. the global, polycentric Christian tradition.
Christian response
- • Christianity originated in first-century Roman Judea, in the Middle East, among Jews, and its founder, apostles, and earliest communities were Semitic Near Easterners, not Europeans; it reached North Africa (Alexandria, Carthage — home to Augustine and Tertullian, Africans by birth), Armenia (the first officially Christian state, 301 AD, predating Rome's conversion), Ethiopia (Christian since the 4th century, one of the oldest continuously Christian nations on earth), Persia, and India (the Thomas Christians of Kerala, tradition-dated to the first century) centuries before it became dominant in most of Europe.
- • Demographically today, the claim is simply empirically false: the majority of the world's roughly 2.4 billion Christians now live in the Global South — sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and parts of Asia — and Christianity is shrinking in its old European heartlands (church attendance collapse across Western Europe) while growing fastest in Africa and parts of Asia, driven by indigenous leadership.
- • Major indigenous African and Asian Christian movements arose independently of, and sometimes in tension with, European missionary control: the Ethiopian Orthodox and Coptic Egyptian churches predate European Christianity by centuries and were never colonially planted; African Independent Churches (the Kimbanguist Church in Congo, the Aladura movement in Nigeria) arose as indigenous, sometimes explicitly anti-colonial, expressions of Christian faith.
- • The 'foreign import' framing, taken consistently, would equally delegitimize the spread of Islam beyond Arabia, Buddhism beyond India, or for that matter secular Enlightenment liberalism beyond Western Europe — geographic origin does not determine a belief system's legitimate scope or truth, and applying the standard only to Christianity is inconsistent.
- • Many post-colonial African, Asian, and Latin American Christian theologians (John Mbiti, Kwame Bediako, Kosuke Koyama) have argued at length that Christian faith, properly indigenized, is not a colonial graft but capable of deep, authentic rooting in non-Western cultures, sometimes more so than in the increasingly secular West.
Strongest version of the objection
Christianity is a Western, colonial import — a religion of European conquerors imposed on the rest of the world, foreign to non-Western cultures and peoples.
Christian counterresponse
That association is a real historical residue worth reckoning with honestly, but it describes a particular multi-century episode of cultural packaging, not the religion's origin, essential content, or actual current global demographic reality, and contemporary global Christianity's center of gravity and leadership has already substantially moved beyond it.
Remaining questions
How much of the practical inculturation work (liturgy, theology, leadership) in various regions has fully shed colonial-era cultural baggage versus merely relocated authority is an ongoing, unfinished process.
Related arguments
For further study
Primary and secondary sources on both sides of this question. Reading the strongest opposing case is part of the work, not a concession.
Is God a Moral Monster? — Paul Copan
The standard evangelical treatment of Old Testament ethical difficulties, including the conquest texts.
The Bible Tells Me So — Peter Enns
A very different Christian approach to the same difficulties; read against Copan to see the real options.
God and the Problem of Evil (Five Views) — Chad Meister and James Dew (eds.)
Five Christian positions argued against each other — useful for locating your own view honestly.
The Case against Miracles — John Loftus (ed.)
A sustained skeptical collection on miracle claims and biblical difficulties.